Goldman Sachs study of 20,000 workers shows tech-displaced employees take ~1 month longer to re‑employ and lose >3% real earnings.
Over ten years, displaced workers earn about 10 percentage points less than never‑displaced and 5 points less than other displaced workers.
Younger, college‑educated, urban workers suffer roughly half the cumulative earnings loss; retraining programs mitigate impacts.
Recessions add ~3 weeks unemployment and 5 percentage points higher subsequent unemployment probability for tech‑displaced workers.