A team of Indian astronomers has redefined the classification of star cluster UBC 63, previously considered a single poorly populated galactic open cluster located approximately 4,892 light years from Earth. Through analysis of data from the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, researchers discovered that UBC 63 actually consists of two distinct star clusters designated UBC 63A and UBC 63B that recently underwent a close flyby encounter.
The study revealed significant age differences between the two clusters, with UBC 63A being a young cluster approximately 21 million years old while UBC 63B is much older at about 562 million years. This age difference confirms the clusters did not originate as a single system. Using machine learning techniques and advanced dynamical simulations powered by high-performance computing, researchers determined that the two clusters came remarkably close approximately 6 million years ago, reaching a separation of only about 7 parsecs (23 light years).
Currently, the clusters are approximately 26 parsecs (85 light years) apart and are moving away from each other rather than being gravitationally bound. The research provides valuable insights into the dynamical evolution of star clusters in the Milky Way and demonstrates the capability of modern astronomical surveys to uncover hidden structures that remain unnoticed when stars are viewed only in projection. The study was published in the Astronomical Journal and involved researchers from Gauhati University, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, and international collaborators from institutions in Italy, China, and Japan.
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