India's National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), launched in April 2015 with an outlay of approximately ₹4,500 crore, has established a comprehensive supercomputing ecosystem with significant indigenous technological development. The mission is jointly steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), implemented by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru.
As of September 2026, NSM has deployed 40 supercomputers with a combined capacity of 68 petaflops (PF) across academic and research institutions nationwide. This includes 13 high-end systems exceeding 1 PF, 12 mid-range systems with capacities between 500 teraflops (TF) and 1 PF, and 15 systems below 500 TF capacity. The mission plans to establish a total of 50 supercomputers with cumulative capacity exceeding 123 PF.
The mission has achieved significant indigenous technological development, including the Rudra series of servers (6,000 deployed with another 1,500 under manufacturing), high-speed interconnect networks (100 Gbps and 200 Gbps speeds), indigenous cooling technology, complete HPC system software stack, and PARAM Shavak supercomputing-in-a-box solutions. These developments follow a 'Build approach' consisting of three concurrent phases: assembly, manufacturing, and design and manufacturing support.
NSM supports diverse national applications including Genomics and Drug Discovery Platform (used during COVID-19 for drug screening), Urban Environment Decision Support System for weather and pollution tracking, Seismic Imaging Suite for oil and gas exploration, Early Warning System for Flood Prediction (Mahanadi River basin with 2-day advance forecasting), Forest Fire Spread Model (tested in Sikkim Himalayas), and Materials Science and Computational Chemistry Applications.
The mission has supported over 16,000 researchers including more than 2,900 PhD scholars across 400+ institutions, executing over 1.5 crore compute jobs and contributing to more than 1,990 research publications. Training initiatives include HPC and Deep Learning Awareness Programmes, hackathons and bootcamps, faculty development programmes, EduHPC workshops, SWAYAM platform courses, HPC Shiksha Portal, and NSM Users Forum.
The National Knowledge Network (NKN) serves as the backbone connecting supercomputing facilities across institutions, enabling resource sharing and collaboration. NSM contributes to 11 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals through applications in climate action, education, innovation, and economic growth. The mission continues to focus on building faster, energy-efficient systems, strengthening Indian hardware/software capabilities, and integrating Artificial Intelligence with HPC for applications in weather, healthcare, agriculture, energy, and scientific research.