Indian Agriculture Sector Transformation Overview
India's agriculture and allied sectors have undergone significant transformation, with the Gross Value Added (GVA) increasing from ₹20.94 lakh crore in 2014-15 to an estimated ₹52.08 lakh crore in 2025-26. The budget allocation for the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has substantially increased from ₹27,663 crore in 2013-14 to ₹1,40,528.78 crore in 2026-27, reflecting enhanced government support.
Production and Yield Improvements
Total foodgrain production has shown remarkable growth, increasing from 265.05 million tonnes in 2013-14 to 376.56 million tonnes in 2025-26 (Third Advance Estimates). Horticulture production reached approximately 377.78 million tonnes in 2025-26 from 280.70 million tonnes in 2013-14, while oilseeds production grew from 27.51 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 43.06 million tonnes in 2025-26.
Farmer Welfare and Support Schemes
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) has transferred more than ₹4.47 lakh crore directly into farmers' bank accounts through 23 instalments, with the 23rd instalment benefiting over 9.49 crore farmers and releasing over ₹18,984 crore. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) has insured over 92.46 crore farmer applications since its launch in 2016-17, with claims worth ₹1.96 lakh crore disbursed up to December 2025, benefiting around 24.31 crore farmers.
Minimum Support Price (MSP) procurement increased from 698.7 million tonnes during 2004-2014 to 1,229.2 million tonnes during 2014-2026, with total MSP value rising from ₹7.41 lakh crore to ₹26.32 lakh crore. Specific MSP increases include Paddy (Grade A) from ₹1,400 per quintal in 2014-15 to ₹2,461 per quintal in 2026-27, and Wheat from ₹1,400 to ₹2,585 per quintal over the same period.
The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme had 7.28 crore operational accounts across the country in 2025-26, with outstanding amount standing at ₹10.08 lakh crore as of August 3, 2026. The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana (PMKMY) enrolled around 24.96 lakh farmers as of February 2026.
Sustainable Agriculture Initiatives
Under the Soil Health Card (SHC) Scheme, 26.09 crore soil health cards have been issued as of July 2026, with over 70,002 Krishi Sakhis trained to provide soil health advisories. The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) covered 18.93 lakh hectares of area benefiting 33.63 lakh farmers as of June 2026.
The Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER) brought 2.36 lakh hectares under organic farming benefiting 2.74 lakh farmers as of June 30, 2026. The National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) formed 18,893 clusters covering 10.32 lakh hectares and involving 20.93 lakh farmers during FY 2025-26, with 33.89 lakh farmers made aware of natural farming and over 22.47 lakh farmers registered under the Natural Farming Certification System.
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan (PM KUSUM) installed nearly 11.49 lakh off-grid solar pumps for agricultural use, covered more than 15.89 lakh agricultural pumps through feeder-level solarisation, commissioned 1,726 MW of decentralized solar power capacity on farmers' land, and benefited over 21.77 lakh farmers as of August 2, 2026.
Food Security and Infrastructure
Under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), states/UTs have identified 80.56 crore persons against the intended coverage of 81.35 crore for subsidized foodgrains as of February 2026, with around 79.8 crore beneficiaries covered nationwide as of December 2025. The Centre will spend ₹25,530 crore over the next 5 years under the SARTHAK PDS scheme for ration transport and handling automation.
Institutional Strengthening and Market Connectivity
Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) reached 10,000 registrations across the country as of July 2026, while 79,630 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) have been sanctioned for computerization across 31 States and Union Territories, with 63,707 PACS onboarded on ERP-based national software as of August 5, 2026.
The National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) integrated 1,656 mandis as of June 2026, with 1.89 crore farmers and 2.78 lakh traders registered. Under Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI), 12,353 storage infrastructure projects with 369.18 LMT capacity have been sanctioned in the last ten years as of July 2026. The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) extended interest subvention support to 18,893 warehouses, 3,110 cold stores/cold chain projects, and 2,105 integrated processing units.
Food Processing and Export Growth
The budget allocation for the Ministry of Food Processing Industries increased from ₹785.86 crore in 2014-15 to ₹4,064 crore in 2026-27. The Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Industry (PLISFPI) disbursed incentives amounting to ₹3,271.44 crore up to June 2026, creating 34 lakh metric tonnes per annum of processing capacity and increasing sales of PLI-supported products from ₹58,758 crore in FY 2019-20 to ₹1,08,854 crore in FY 2025-26.
The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojna (PMKSY) completed 1,256 projects (post-harvest infrastructure and processing facilities) benefiting about 37.76 lakh farmers as of June 2026, creating 294.21 LMT/annum of processing capacity and generating 9.16 lakh employment opportunities.
Agricultural exports increased from USD 32.08 billion in 2014-15 to USD 54.70 billion in 2025-26, recording 70.5% growth, with processed food exports share rising from 13.7% in 2014-15 to 20.4% in 2024-25, a nearly 49% increase.
Digital Agriculture and Technology Adoption
Under the Digital Agriculture Mission, over 10.31 crore Farmer IDs have been created, and the Digital Crop Survey (DCS) covered 648 Districts with more than 31.3 crore plots during Rabi 2025-26 as of August 3, 2026. AI-enabled initiatives include the National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS) used by over 10,000 extension workers supporting 73 crops over 436 pests, and BharatVistaar serving over 3 lakh farmers and addressing more than 72 lakh farmer queries as of July 2026.
Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) established 731 centers across the country by ICAR as of June 2026, training around 58.02 lakh farmers between 2021-22 and 2023-24, with an additional 18.56 lakh farmers trained during the first ten months of 2024-25.
Livestock and Dairy Sector Performance
The livestock sector recorded a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.77% since 2014-15, with ₹6,153.46 crore allocated to the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying in Union Budget 2026-27. Productivity improvements include indigenous cattle reaching 1,343.2 kg/animal/year in 2024-25 from 927 kg, buffalo productivity reaching 2,365.2 kg from 1,880 kg, and average bovine milk productivity reaching 2,251 kg from 1,648 kg over the same period.
India leads global milk production with 25% share, producing 248 million tonnes in 2024-25 (70% increase from 146.31 million tonnes in 2014-15) with per capita availability reaching 485 grams per day compared to global average of 394 grams. Egg production grew 90% to 149.11 billion eggs in 2024-25 from 78.48 billion in 2014-15, with per capita availability rising from 62 to 106 eggs per annum. Meat production increased from 6.69 million tonnes to 10.50 million tonnes over the same period.
Fisheries Development
The Union Budget 2026-27 allocated a record ₹2,761.80 crore to fisheries under Blue Revolution initiatives. Fish production reached 197.75 lakh tonnes in 2024-25, up from 95.79 lakh tonnes in FY 2013-14, while seafood exports increased from USD 3.64 billion in 2013-14 to approximately USD 8.46 billion in 2025-26.
The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) received ₹2,500 crore allocation in Union Budget 2026-27. Key activities approved as of April 2026 include 28,489 fish transportation units, 1,394 live fish vending units, 6,018 fish kiosks, 117 fish retail markets, 775 cold storages and ice plants, and 24 wholesale fish markets.
Institutional credit support for fisheries saw 6.83 lakh KCC applications received, with 6.77 lakh accepted and 4.82 lakh sanctioned as of early 2026. KCC benefits reached 4.39 lakh fishers, with insurance coverage provided to 33 lakh beneficiaries and 7.44 lakh fisher families receiving lean period assistance on average.
Livestock Infrastructure and Health
Under the National Livestock Mission, 4,084 breed multiplication farms for various animals have been approved and 1.61 lakh metric tonnes of quality fodder seed produced as of August 4, 2026. The Entrepreneurship Development Programme approved 4,321 projects worth ₹2,948.68 crore total project cost with ₹1,386.18 crore approved subsidy as of August 11, 2026.
The Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF) approved projects with 418 lakh litres/day milk processing capacity as of August 4, 2026. Bharat Pashudhan registered 9.84 crore livestock owners, issued over 38.53 crore Pashu Aadhaar, and recorded 168.67 crore vaccinations as of August 6, 2026.
The National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD) organized 36,611 new Dairy Cooperative Societies, strengthened 34,557 village-level societies, created 168 lakh litres/day milk chilling capacity, and distributed 76,748 milk quality testing devices as of June 2026.
Breeding and Animal Health Initiatives
Advancements include 47,687 Multi-Purpose Artificial Insemination Technicians trained, 24 IVF laboratories established, 48 semen stations sanctioned, and 28 heifer rearing centres approved under RGM as of August 4, 2026. Over 17.27 crore artificial inseminations were carried out under the Nationwide Artificial Insemination Programme in the last five years, benefiting nearly 5.98 crore farmers.
The Accelerated Breed Improvement programme achieved 7,959 embryos transferred, 1,666 pregnancies established, and 1,223 calves born (1,142 females) as of August 4, 2026.
Under the National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP), 132.49 crore doses of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine were administered as of March 2026. The Brucellosis Control Programme vaccinated 3.17 crore bovine female calves (4-8 months old) since inception, with 296.74 lakh vaccine doses administered during the last five years alone.
Mobile Veterinary Units (MVUs) reached 4,019 operational units across 29 States/UTs as of July 2026, delivering doorstep veterinary services through toll-free number 1962, benefiting 119.77 lakh farmers and treating 245.05 lakh animals.