Mission Mausam: India's Weather and Climate Resilience Initiative
The Ministry of Earth Sciences is implementing Mission Mausam, a Central Sector umbrella scheme launched by the Prime Minister on 14 January 2025 with the objective of making India a "Weather-ready and Climate-smart Nation". The Union Cabinet approved the mission in 2024 with a budget outlay of ₹2,000 crore for the two-year period of 2024-25 and 2025-26.
The mission aims to strengthen Earth System observations and prediction systems, improve early warnings for high-impact weather events, and deliver seamless weather and climate services to enhance climate resilience and disaster preparedness. Major objectives include developing cutting-edge weather surveillance technologies, implementing higher-resolution atmospheric observations, deploying next-generation Doppler Weather Radars, wind profilers, and advanced satellites, implementing advanced high-performance computing systems, and enhancing understanding of weather and climate processes.
For the period 2026–31, Mission Mausam is proposed to be implemented through six verticals: OBSERVEALL (OBSERVations Enhancement to monitor ALL weather), DEVELOP (Earth System Model DEVELOPMENT), WeatherMOD (Weather MODification Research Strategy), ATCOMP (ATmospheric Composition mOnitoring, Modelling and Prediction), FRONTIER (FRONTIER Technologies), and NEAT (National Enterprise for Atmospheric Technology). The Budget Estimate for Mission Mausam for 2026–27 is ₹1,342.29 crore, comprising ₹855.29 crore under Revenue expenditure and ₹487.00 crore under Capital expenditure.
Key interventions include augmentation and modernization of surface, upper-air, radar, satellite, lightning, aviation, marine, and ocean observational systems; use of high-resolution Numerical Weather Prediction and coupled Earth System Models; application of AI/ML and hybrid physics-AI techniques for nowcasting and forecast improvement; utilization of High Performance Computing infrastructure; and strengthening of impact-based forecasting and Decision Support Systems.
These measures are specifically targeted at improving accuracy, spatial resolution, and lead time for forecasts of high-impact weather events including cyclones, heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, lightning, heatwaves, and urban floods. The mission is expected to benefit multiple weather-sensitive sectors including agriculture through improved agro-meteorological advisories, fisheries through marine weather forecasts and early warnings, aviation through improved forecasting of weather hazards, and disaster management through impact-based warnings for better preparedness and response. Overall, the mission aims to reduce weather-related losses, improve planning efficiency across sectors, and support sustainable economic development through enhanced climate resilience.