Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Scheme Performance and Funding
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) provided comprehensive data on its Central Skill Development Programmes under the Skill India Mission. The ministry delivers skill, re-skill, and up-skill training through various schemes including Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS), National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS), and Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS) through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs).
Financial Allocation and Disbursement
MSDE released detailed funding data for the last five years across its key schemes. Under PMKVY, funds are released to implementing agencies for training costs, with ₹643.77 crores in 2021-22, ₹305.46 crores in 2022-23, ₹839.18 crores in 2023-24, ₹1,553.13 crores in 2024-25, and ₹279.30 crores in 2025-26. The JSS scheme released funds directly to NGOs amounting to ₹137.63 crores (2021-22), ₹154.65 crores (2022-23), ₹154.37 crores (2023-24), ₹139.55 crores (2024-25), and ₹148.23 crores (2025-26). NAPS provided stipend support up to ₹1,500 per month to apprentices through DBT, with disbursements of ₹177.07 crores (2021-22), ₹309.03 crores (2022-23), ₹594.30 crores (2023-24), ₹585.96 crores (2024-25), and ₹577.03 crores (2025-26).
Training and Certification Outcomes
Under PMKVY's Short-Term Training component from FY2015-16 to FY2021-22, 1.11 crore candidates were certified, with 24.38 lakh reported placed. PMKVY 4.0 shifted focus to empowering trained candidates to choose varied career paths with appropriate orientation.
Third-party evaluations conducted by Arun Jaitley National Institute of Financial Management revealed significant outcomes: PMKVY training contributed to an 18.8 percentage point increase in employment, with the combined share of employed and self-employed STT respondents rising from 26.6% pre-training to 45.4% post-training. Income outcomes showed 41.4% of STT candidates and 48.9% of RPL candidates reporting income increases post-training.
The JSS scheme evaluation showed 33.94 lakh individuals enrolled, with 32 lakh trained and 31.52 lakh certified (99% success rate). Women constituted 82% of participants, while 73% belonged to marginalized sections (SC/ST 36%, OBC 37%). Post-training, 90% of alumni utilized acquired skills for income generation, 82% became economically engaged within six months, and 60% of previously non-earning individuals started earning. The average monthly income recorded a four-fold increase.
NAPS evaluation for FY2022-23 to FY2025-26 (data up to November 30, 2025) showed 34.69 lakh apprentices engaged against a cumulative target of 46 lakh (75% achievement). Cumulative DBT disbursement exceeded ₹1,094 crore, with annual disbursement rising from ₹327.2 crore in FY2023-24 to ₹500.16 crore in FY2024-25.
Emerging Sector Initiatives
MSDE undertaken multiple initiatives to improve employability in emerging sectors including Artificial Intelligence, green energy, semiconductors, logistics, and tourism. PMKVY 4.0 introduced dedicated "Future Skills" job roles for new and emerging technologies. Apprenticeship training is imparted under 266 designated trades and over 750 optional trades including AI and Robotics.
The Directorate General of Training introduced new age/future skills courses in ITIs and NSTIs for digital training in AI, Mechatronics, IoT, Cybersecurity, and semiconductors. DGT signed MoUs with IBM, CISCO, Amazon Web Services, and Microsoft for technical skills training in modern technologies including AI, Big Data Analytics, Blockchain, and Cloud Computing.
Additional collaborations include IBM India, Microsoft, Cisco, Adobe India, AWS, Future Right Skills Network, Edunet Foundation, and Auto Desk for CSR skilling initiatives. A 7.5-hour module on 'Introduction to Artificial Intelligence' was introduced in Employability Skills under CTS trades.
MSDE launched the Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH) offering AI and Machine Learning courses from introductory to advanced levels. The National Council for Vocational Education & Training developed the National Programme on Artificial Intelligence Skilling Framework for standardized, industry-aligned courses. NSDC partnered with international organizations including AWS, Microsoft, Intel, Redhat, Pearson VUE, Boston Consulting Group, and Cisco Networking Academy for digital courses.
The SOAR (Skilling for AI Readiness) initiative targets AI awareness and foundational skills for school students (Classes 6-12) and AI literacy for educators. PMKVY 4.0 courses enabling global digital job participation include AI/ML Foundation & Advanced, Robotic Process Automation, Drone Pilot Technician, Industrial IoT, and Data Analytics with NSQF Level 5-7 certifications for global portability.
Monitoring Mechanisms
PMKVY employs a multi-layered monitoring framework with all candidates, training providers, and employment outcomes tracked on the SIDH digital platform. Training centers must install Aadhaar-enabled biometric attendance systems (AEBAS), with payments linked to attendance. Monitoring includes call validation, surprise center visits, virtual verification, and outcome-based payments.
NAPS established a National Steering Committee and Scheme Monitoring and Review Committee at the central level, with State Implementation Review Committees at state/UT levels. JSS monitoring occurs through periodic review meetings, field visits, and the SIDH portal, with Regional Directorates of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship conducting inspections and Board of Management committees reviewing programs.
CTS involves periodic review of affiliation standards and norms for ITIs, regular curriculum updates with industry consultation, and joint inspections by state governments with central government coordination.
State-wise Performance Data
The document provides extensive state-wise data for all schemes across five years:
JSS Scheme: Uttar Pradesh trained the highest number of candidates (88,648 in 2021-22, 122,510 in 2022-23, 84,573 in 2023-24, 82,475 in 2024-25, 82,532 in 2025-26). Other high-performing states include Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Bihar. Some states/UTs showed minimal or no activity in certain years (Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh).
PMKVY Scheme: Uttar Pradesh again led in training volume (69,015 in 2021-22, 25,568 in 2022-23, 71,771 in 2023-24, 463,503 in 2024-25, 28,823 in 2025-26). Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat also showed significant training numbers. Certification rates varied considerably across states and years.
CTS Scheme: Uttar Pradesh dominated with 273,714 trained in 2021, 269,106 in 2022, 333,024 in 2023, 317,044 in 2024, and 385,871 in 2025. Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Karnataka also showed substantial training volumes. Certification rates generally ranged between 70-90% of trained candidates.
NAPS Scheme: Maharashtra led significantly with 186,010 trained in 2022-23, 263,245 in 2023-24, 278,423 in 2024-25, and 301,910 in 2025-26. Other major states include Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh. Certification tracking was initiated from 2022-23 onwards, with certification rates varying widely across states.
The information was provided by Minister of State (Independent Charge) Jayant Chaudhary in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha.