Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase-II Implementation Overview
The Ministry of Jal Shakti provided a comprehensive five-year performance report on the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase-II, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented by States and Union Territories. The program focuses on improving rural sanitation through construction of Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs) with financial and technical support from the central government.
Toilet Construction Performance
Between FY 2021-22 and FY 2025-26, states and UTs constructed a total of 14,711,845 household toilets under the scheme. The construction numbers showed significant annual variation: 2,254,091 units in 2021-22, 2,734,447 in 2022-23, 3,900,844 in 2023-24, 3,156,048 in 2024-25, and 2,666,415 in 2025-26. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest construction volume with 4,899,615 units over five years, followed by Bihar with 2,802,566 units and Madhya Pradesh with 879,296 units.
Financial Allocation and Utilization
The central government allocated Rs. 38,082.06 crore over the five-year period, with actual releases of Rs. 19,941.11 crore. Expenditure reported by states totaled Rs. 23,133.57 crore. FY 2021-22 saw allocation of Rs. 8,902.01 crore with release of Rs. 2,058.15 crore and expenditure of Rs. 4,382.11 crore. In FY 2022-23, allocation increased to Rs. 12,388.50 crore with release of Rs. 3,842.95 crore and expenditure of Rs. 4,631.02 crore. FY 2023-24 had allocation of Rs. 5,872.66 crore, release of Rs. 5,739.32 crore, and expenditure of Rs. 6,383.5 crore. FY 2024-25 allocation was Rs. 6,055.72 crore with release of Rs. 3,457.08 crore and expenditure of Rs. 4,826.7 crore. The most recent FY 2025-26 saw allocation of Rs. 4,864.17 crore, release of Rs. 4,844.61 crore, and expenditure of Rs. 3,910.24 crore, with final utilization certificates still awaited for some states.
Program Implementation Framework
The scheme provides eligible rural households with an incentive of up to Rs. 12,000 for construction of one IHHL unit including water storage facility for handwashing and cleaning. States follow a strict preference order: Below Poverty Line households first, followed by Above Poverty Line categories including SC/ST, persons with disability, landless labourers with homestead, small farmers, marginal farmers, and women-headed households. Additional priority is given to old age pensioners, widow pensioners, disability pensioners, transgenders, pregnant and lactating mothers, and girl children covered by beneficial schemes. Identification of beneficiaries is initiated by Gram Panchayats in Gram Sabha meetings and approved by block and district level authorities.
Financial Management
Funds are allocated to states/UTs annually based on their approved Annual Implementation Plans, past performance, and budget availability. The funds are not released component-wise, allowing states flexibility to plan for IHHLs, Community Sanitary Complexes, and Solid and Liquid Waste Management facilities according to local demand and preferences. Payment of incentives is mandated through Direct Benefit Transfer, and progress is monitored through the SBM(G) Integrated Management Information System where states report their data.