BofA estimates ~838 million jobs (≈25% of global workforce) could be exposed to generative AI, with younger, female, and highly‑educated workers most at risk.
Exposure share is 33.5% in high‑income economies versus 11% in low‑income nations, where firms leading AI adoption may capture disproportionate productivity gains.
Goldman Sachs study finds AI‑displaced workers take one month longer to re‑employ, earn 3% less initially, and lag earnings growth by up to 10 percentage points over a decade.
The study attributes long‑term earnings loss to occupational downgrading, pushing displaced workers into lower‑pay roles.