European nations are drafting an international defensive mission to clear mines and restore shipping through the Strait of Hormuz after hostilities cease.
French President Emmanuel Macron announced the plan excludes the United States, Israel and Iran and will not operate under U.S. command.
Germany is expected to join, possibly committing as early as Thursday, bringing greater fiscal resources and key military assets than the UK and France.
The mission aims to boost shipping companies' confidence to use the strait once fighting ends, though the timeline remains uncertain.