US President Trump ordered recall of 5,000 troops from Germany, removing an army combat brigade and scrapping a missile battalion plan.
German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius said US presence benefits both nations and announced Germany is expanding forces, equipment procurement, and infrastructure.
Withdrawal expected within 6‑12 months, with troops redeployed to the Western Hemisphere and Indo‑Pacific, returning European levels to 2022.
The move reflects broader NATO strain over Iran, with similar threats to Spain and Italy, while Britain continues to host bomber missions.